摩洛哥概况介绍（北非摩洛哥简介）
摩洛哥概况介绍（北非摩洛哥简介）
Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco,[5] is a country located in North Africa with a population of nearly 32 million and an area just under 447,000 square kilometres (173,000 sq mi). Its capital is Rabat, and its largest city is Casablanca. Morocco has a coast on the Atlantic Ocean that reaches past the Strait of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Algeria to the east, Spain to the north (a water border through the Strait and land borders with three small Spanish enclaves, Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera), and Mauritania to the south via its Western Saharan territories.[6]
Morocco is the only country in Africa that is not currently a member of the African Union and it has shown no interest in joining. However, it is a member of the Arab League, Arab Maghreb Union, Francophonie, Organisation of the Islamic Conference, Mediterranean Dialogue group, and Group of 77. It is also a major non-NATO ally of the United States.
Agriculture in Morocco employs about 40% of the nations workforce. And thus, is the largest employer in the country. In the rainy sections of the northeast, barley, wheat, and other cereals can be raised without irrigation. On the Atlantic coast, where there are extensive plains, olives, citrus fruits, and wine grapes are grown, largely with water supplied by artesian wells. Morocco also produces a significant amount of illicit hashish, much of which is shipped to Western Europe. Livestock are raised and forests yield cork, cabinet wood, and building materials. Part of the maritime population fishes for its livelihood. Agadir, Essaouira, El Jadida, and Larache are among the important fishing harbors.[1]
Moroccan agricultural production also consists of orange, tomatoes, potatoes, olives, and olive oil. High quality agricultural products are usually exported to Europe. Morocco produces enough food for domestic consumption except for grains, sugar, coffee and tea. More than 40% of Morocco's consumption of grains and flour is imported from the United States and France.
Agriculture industry in Morocco enjoys a complete tax exemption. Many Moroccan critics say that rich farmers and large agricultural companies are taking too much benefit of not paying the taxes, and that poor farmers are struggling with high costs and are getting very poor support from the state.
Land
Morocco is endowed with numerous exploitable resources. With approximately 33,000 square miles (85,000 square km) of arable land (one-seventh of which can be irrigated) and its generally temperate Mediterranean climate, Morocco’s agricultural potential is matched by few other Arab or African countries. It is one of the few Arab countries that has the potential to achieve self-sufficiency in food production. In a normal year Morocco produces two-thirds of the grains (chiefly wheat, barley, and corn [maize]) needed for domestic consumption. The country exports citrus fruits and early vegetables to the European market; its wine industry is developed, and production of commercial crops (cotton, sugarcane, sugar beets, and sunflowers) is expanding. Newer crops such as tea, tobacco, and soybeans have passed the experimental stage, the fertile Gharb plain being favourable for their cultivation. The country is actively developing its irrigation potential that ultimately will irrigate more than 2.5 million acres (1 million hectares).
[edit] Drought
Nevertheless, the danger of drought is ever present. Especially at risk are the cereal-growing lowlands, which are subject to considerable variation in annual precipitation. On average, drought occurs in Morocco every third year, creating a volatility in agricultural production that is the main constraint on expansion in the sector.
[edit] Hashish
HashishMorocco is the world's largest exporter of hashish, a form of Cannabis[citation needed]. According to the World Customs Organization, Morocco supplies 70 percent of the European hashish market. Although statistics vary widely, hashish production is estimated to be 2,000 metric tons per year, with up to 85,000 hectares devoted to cannabis production, with a market value of $2 billion. In the mid-1990s, due to record rainfalls following drought years, European experts reported that the area under cultivation for cannabis increased by almost 10 percent (the average hectare of cannabis produces two to eight metric tons of raw plant). The rains of late 1995 and 1996 were a blessing for Morocco, ending a multi-year drought. Those same rains were also a boon to the drug trade. In Tangier, this meant more jobs in the drug trade for those who could find no other work, particularly as the agricultural trade dried up with the drought. Today, the drug trade continues to grow, with areas used for cultivation spreading beyond the traditional growing areas of the central Rif to the west and south in provinces including Chefchaouen, Larache and Taounate. This growth continues despite a well-publicized campaign in 1990s to eradicate drug trafficking.[2]
[edit] Anti-drug policy of Morocco
The Moroccan government's anti-drug "cleansing" campaign of the mid-1990s is instructive for both its pronounced inability to deter the drug trade's growth and what it revealed about the size and scope of the drug business. Growing drugs was briefly made legal under the French Protectorate, but was declared illegal in 1956, the year of Moroccan independence. As European tourism and drug markets expanded in the 1960s and 1970s, a huge underground market for drugs developed, which was not only allowed by government officials, but encouraged.[2]
[edit] Livestock
Livestock raising, particularly sheep and cattle, is widespread. Morocco fills its own meat requirements and is also attempting to become self-sufficient in dairy products.
[edit] Forests
Morocco’s forests, which cover about one-tenth of its total land area (excluding Western Sahara), have substantial commercial value. Morocco satisfies much of its timber needs by harvesting the high-elevation forests in the Middle and High Atlas. Its eucalyptus plantations enable it to be self-sufficient in charcoal, which is used extensively for cooking fuel. Eucalyptus also provides the raw material needed for the country’s paper and cellulose industries. Paper pulp is a valuable export as is cork from the country’s plentiful cork oak forests.
[edit] Fishing
The fishing grounds in the Canary Current off Morocco’s west coast are exceptionally rich in sardines, bonito, and tuna, but the country lacks the modern fleets and processing facilities to benefit fully from these marine resources. An important part of a major trade agreement Morocco concluded with the European Union (EU) in 1996 concerned fishing rights, by which the EU pays Morocco an annual fee to allow vessels (mainly Spanish) to fish Moroccan waters.
摩洛哥王国是非洲西北部的一个国家。该王国东部以及东南部与阿尔及利亚接壤，南部紧邻西撒哈拉，西部滨临大西洋，并向北隔直布罗陀海峡和地中海与西班牙相望。1979年摩洛哥占领西撒哈拉，但其在西撒哈拉的权利一直未被国际上任何国家所认可。摩洛哥认为接壤的休达及梅利利亚应为其领土，但实际上是由西班牙管辖。除阿拉伯语外，在摩洛哥境内还有许多地方语言，而法语和西班牙语也被同时使用。
这个英语不难懂，你要还需要我给你简单翻译下
摩洛哥最早居民为柏柏尔人。先后受腓尼基、罗马帝国、拜占庭帝国统治。公元788年建立第一个阿拉伯王国。从15世纪末至20世纪初，摩洛哥先后遭法国、西班牙等殖民者入侵。1912年沦为法国的保护国，北部狭长地区和南部的一个地区则划为西班牙的保护地。1956年独立。1957年8月14日定名为摩洛哥王国，1979年摩洛哥占领西撒哈拉，但其在西撒哈拉的权利一直未被国际上任何国家所认可，但阿拉伯国家联盟明确承认西撒哈拉是摩洛哥的领土。摩洛哥认为其接壤的休达及梅利利亚应为其领土，但实际上是由西班牙管辖。
非洲国家,算不上发达
屹立在非洲西北角的摩洛哥王国山川秀丽，风景如画，享有“北非花园”的美称。摩洛哥西濒浩瀚的大西洋，北隔直布罗陀海峡与西班牙相望，扼守大西洋进入地中海的门户。由于斜贯全境的阿特拉斯山阻挡了南部撒哈拉沙漠热浪的侵袭，摩洛哥长年气候宜人，四季鲜花盛开，并赢得“烈日下的清凉国土”的美誉。
摩洛哥是非洲最古老的国家之一。最早居住在这里的居民是柏柏尔人。公元7世纪，阿拉伯人来到这里，并于8世纪建立了摩洛哥历史上第一个阿拉伯帝国。从15世纪起，摩洛哥曾先后遭西方列强入侵，1912年3月沦为法国的“保护国”。1956年3月2日，摩洛哥最终摆脱法国的统治并宣布独立。
摩洛哥是伊斯兰国家，在全国2823万人口中，阿拉伯人占80％。摩洛哥的国语为阿拉伯语，通用法语。
摩洛哥境内名胜古迹众多，具有得天独厚的旅游资源，旅游业雄居非洲之首。在首都拉巴特，有公元1至5世纪罗马人建筑的乌达亚城堡，著名的哈桑清真寺遗址等。古都非斯是摩洛哥第一个王朝的开国之都，城内古老的王宫和麦地那老城堪称阿拉伯世界的奇迹，被联合国教科文组织列为“世界文化遗产”。
摩洛哥拥有丰富的磷酸盐、锰、锌、铁、铜、铅、无烟煤和油页岩等资源。其中，磷酸盐储量为640亿立方米，占世界总储量的75％。
农牧业是摩洛哥经济的重要支柱。主要农作物有大麦、小麦、玉米、水果、蔬菜等，其中柑桔、橄榄和蔬菜大量向欧洲和阿拉伯国家出口。摩洛哥海岸线长1700多公里，渔业资源极为丰富，是非洲第一捕鱼大国。
中摩两国交往历史悠久。早在公元8世纪，我国唐代杜环就曾到过摩洛哥。14世纪中叶，中摩两国的大旅行家汪大渊和伊本·白图泰几乎在同一时间实现“互访”，谱写了中摩友谊史上的美好篇章。中摩两国1958年11月1日正式建交后，高层领导人曾多次互访，双方在经贸及文化领域的合作与交流不断增强。此次朱镕基总理对摩洛哥的正式访问必将进一步推动两国友好合作关系的发展
国名：摩洛哥王国（The Kingdom of Morocco ）
面积：45.9万平方千米（不包括西撒哈拉26.6万平方千米）
人口：2700万
首都：拉巴特(Rabat)
国王：穆罕默德六世
货币：迪拉姆（MAD）
地理概况
摩洛哥王国位于非洲的西北端，东邻阿尔及利亚，南邻毛里塔里亚，西濒大西洋，北面隔直布罗陀海峡和西班牙、葡萄牙相望。全国海岸线长3500多公里。摩洛哥境内以山地、高原为主。阿特拉斯山脉的主峰图卜卡勒山海拔4165米，是全国最高点。摩洛哥东南部是撒哈拉沙漠的一部分，南部为高原，中部为阿特拉斯山脉，北部为狭长的沿海平原，西部沿岸为一系列的平原和内陆高平原。主要河流为乌姆赖比阿河、塞布河。摩洛哥属地中海式气候，夏季炎热干燥，冬季温暖湿润，年平均气温为25℃。
阿拉伯人占摩洛哥全国人口的80%，柏柏尔人占20%。阿拉伯语是摩洛哥的国语，但全国通用法语，西班牙和英语也很流通。摩洛哥是阿拉伯世界的一部分，伊斯兰教为国教。
主要旅游点有拉巴特、马拉喀什、卡萨布兰卡、非斯
历史简述
柏柏尔人是摩洛哥的最初居民。公元前15世纪，摩洛哥受腓尼基人支配。公元前2-7世纪，罗马帝国和拜占庭帝国先后是这里的主人。7世纪开始，阿拉伯人进入这一地区，相继建立了一系列的王朝，现在的阿拉维王朝是第七个阿拉伯人的王朝，建立于1640年。15世纪起，土耳其、法国、西班牙、意大利、德国先后入侵。1912年，摩洛哥沦为法国的“保护国”。同年11月，法国同西班牙签订《马德里条约》，摩洛哥北部狭长地区和南部的伊夫尼地区划为西班牙的"保护地"。二战后，亚非拉民族解放动风起云涌。经过斗争，摩洛哥于1956年3月2日宣告独立。
政治局势
摩洛哥是君主立宪国家。国王独揽军政大权，下设政府和议会（代表院）。1961年3月3日，哈桑二世国王登基。冷战后，在西方民主思潮的冲击下，摩洛哥进行了有限的政治改革。在确保王权统治的前提下，实行多党制，政局也相对稳定。1999年7月23日，哈桑二世去世。皇储继位，是为穆罕默德六世。目前，摩洛哥政局稳定
摩洛哥是非洲。
摩洛哥属于非洲。摩洛哥是北非西端的一个君主立宪制国家。其东部与阿尔及利亚接壤，南部其实际控制的西撒哈拉地区与毛里塔尼亚紧邻，西部滨临大西洋，并向北隔直布罗陀海峡和地中海与葡萄牙、西班牙相望。首都为拉巴特，最大城市卡萨布兰卡。
摩洛哥地形复杂，中部和北部为峻峭的阿特拉斯山脉，东部和南部是上高原和前撒哈拉高原，仅西北沿海一带为狭长低缓的平原。
由于斜贯全境的阿特拉斯山阻挡了南部撒哈拉沙漠热浪的侵袭，摩洛哥常年气候宜人，花木繁茂，赢得“烈日下的清凉国土”的美誉，还享有“北非花园”的美称。
非洲简介：
非洲全称阿非利加洲，位于东半球西部，欧洲以南，亚洲之西，东濒印度洋，西临大西洋，横贯赤道非洲中部，面积大约为3020万平方公里(土地面积)，占全球总陆地面积的20.4%，是世界第二大洲，同时也是人口第二大洲(约12.86亿) 。
非洲大陆东至哈丰角(51°24'E，10°27'N)，南至厄加勒斯角(20°02'E，34°51'S)，西至佛得角(17°33'W，14°45'N)，北至吉兰角(本赛卡角)(9°50'E，37°21'N)。
非洲大陆高原面积广阔，海拔在500米-1000米的高原占非洲面积的60%以上，有"高原大陆"之称。海拔2000以上的山地高原约占非洲面积5%。低于海拔200米的平原多分布在沿海地带，不足非洲面积的10%。非洲大陆平均海拔为650米。
非洲是世界古人类和古文明的发源地之一，公元前4000年便有最早的文字记载。非洲北部的埃及是世界文明发源地之一。
